It not only transcends this space, but can even alter the temporal state along the ray by connecting to other dimensions; that's why Baoyu and those believers who barged into the Divine Temple suddenly turned to dust—because the instant they were struck by the time ray, decades or even centuries zipped by for them, and naturally, they couldn't survive.
This was akin to what Xu Huo encountered in Zone 011: players hit by time rays suddenly suffering fractured bones. Thinking back to Carmen Field's words, one could infer that Super Evolvers are able to control rays that link to time rays in other dimensions outside this space—and that, once connected, the time rays on both sides may impact each other, unidirectionally or reciprocally, granting the time rays a special attack capacity; only, the degree of influence isn't controlled by the player, but depends on the time flow rate within the adjacent space.
So what's different about the rays inside the Primeval Stone?
