Prussia is considering the unification of Germany, while France is also rebuilding its rule. Both countries are moving towards a new future.
On the other hand, the Italian Peninsula has been in a state of coexistence of several kingdoms, duchies, and counties since the first half of the 19th century.
In 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed, and the former King of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Vittorio Emanuele II, became the King.
Prime Minister Camillo's success in the Italian unification movement ignited Bismarck's hope for German unification. He believed the nation must be whole, the people united.
In 1870, the King and Prime Minister felt that their nation-state was incomplete. The fundamental reason remained the Pope State supported by France, difficult to dislodge.
Despite losing most of its territory and retreating to Rome, Italy still could not reclaim lost lands nor dared provoke France.
